Monday, June 24, 2024

Careful with that initializer_list part 2

initializer_list

 When using Boost.JSON I stumbled upon the following issue:

boost::json::value jv(1);  // creates a number type
boost::json::value jv{1};  // creates an array type

 The value object is something like this:

struct Value
{
   Value(int);
   Value(double);
   Value(std::initializer_list<int>);
};

 This gives the following invocations:

Value vl1(1);  // invokes Value(int) constructor
Value vl2{1};  // invokes Value(std::initializer_list<int>); constructor

 This is a know issue in C++. A programming language should be unambiguously be interpretable and the C++ had decided that in such case the initializer_list has precedence. Not sure if that's a good solution since the ambiguity may only appear when running under the debugger or at customer site. Personally I would require that double braces are used but the C++ committee has decided otherwise. The uniform initialization problem is still not solved.

 

Wednesday, August 30, 2023

Careful with std::ranges

<ranges>

  C++20 has added the the ranges library. Basically it works on ranges instead of iterators but added some subtle constraints to some algorithms. For example consider the lower_bound algorithm:

#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>

using IntPair = std::pair<int, int>;
   
IntPair a[1];

auto it = std::lower_bound(std::cbegin(a), std::cend(a), 1, [](const IntPair& r, int n) { return r.first < n; });

The lower_bound function only expects an asymmetric functor implementing the order between container and search element. To spare on typing out the begin and end iterator one could think to use the ranges library:

auto it = std::ranges::lower_bound(a, 1, [](const IntPair& r, int n) { return r.first < n; });

This gives though a ton of mystic error messages on VStudio:

1>error C2672: 'operator __surrogate_func': no matching overloaded function found
1>error C7602: 'std::ranges::_Lower_bound_fn::operator ()': the associated constraints are not satisfied
1>message : see declaration of 'std::ranges::_Lower_bound_fn::operator ()'

It turns out that the ranges variant expect a functor with all less combinations defined:

struct OpLess
{
   bool operator() (const int n1, int n2) const                 { return n1 < n2; };
   bool operator() (const IntPair& r1, const IntPair& r2) const { return r1.first < r2.first; };
   bool operator() (const IntPair& r, int n) const              { return r.first < n; };
   bool operator() (int n, const IntPair& r) const              { return n < r.first; };
};

auto it = std::ranges::lower_bound(a, 1, OpLess{});

Side note: concepts supposed to give more clearer error messages but are cryptic as well.

External links

Sunday, May 7, 2023

Careful with std::shared_ptr

std::shared_ptr

std::shared_ptr is a C++ smart pointer who takes shared ownership of the pointee. It solves some of the memory problems associated with the C language which are memory leaks; buffer overruns and dangling pointers. The first two can be solved by using std::vector; the first and last one by using std::shared_ptr. shared_ptr has though some sharp edges:

  • one can create cycles between std::shared_ptr (i.e. A points to B; B points to A). The memory isn't released then. Solution is to use std::weak_ptr to break the cycle. Alternatively one can use a raw pointer to point back to the owner.
  • never assign a 'raw' resource to two std::shared_ptr's. Instead once a resource is assigned to a std::shared_ptr use the std::shared_ptr to share that resource.
  • use enabled_shared_from_this to hand out a std::shared_ptr of yourself. This fails in constructor because the std::shared_ptr structure is build after the constructor returns.

Garbage collectors don't suffer from these issues but the runtime price one pays for it is large. Also their non-deterministic destruction may another big hurdle to coop with.

Saturday, January 21, 2023

Scrum is the cancer of ICT

Scrum

  The company I work for decided 5 years ago to switch to a more Agile / Scrum development method. A consultant promised the CEO that with this method we would be more effective and he used some bullshit use case found on internet. 

Since then two major projects have failed due to the following reasons:

  • sprints of 3 weeks are too short to achieve substantial development
  • focus on short term - easy achievable goals. A pitfall fueled by easy to check off backlog items and tasks
  • work on core and foundation has not much attention. Hard to show and demonstrate to your stakeholders this kind of work.
  • make small pieces and of software and patch / refactor later is not a way to build stable buildings let alone software
  • lot of administrative overhead with daily standup's; sprint review; grooming sessions; retrospective etc.
  • Agile promised to offer better dealing with shifting requirements but this is a false promise.

Not sure why the world has gone mad but our company was doing a lot better beforehand. A false fallacy is often used to compare this method with the waterfall method with rigid requirements once written down. However no company works that way.


Tuesday, August 9, 2022

Watch out for MSVC's std::map's move constructor

move constructor

 The other day I found out that MSVC's std::map move constructor doesn't have noexcept:

map(map&& _Right) : _Mybase(_STD move(_Right)) {}

This means that it can throw when moved and it's not eligible for move_if_noexcept which is used in vector reallocation's. I filed a report but it got rejected. Take care when you want map's to be moveable (which can be a factor compared to copying all nodes).

Friday, July 15, 2022

Watch out for vector one argument constructor

vector constructor

 Aggregate initialization brought us many good things. There is though one nasty pitfall with std::vector. std::vector can be initialized with a size_t to specify its initial size. There is a potential ambiguity since the vector also accepts size_t as its element type:


#include <cassert>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
   std::vector<size_t>  vec0(5);   // vector size is set
   std::vector<size_t>  vec1{5};   // vector size isn't set directly but vector is initialized with 1 element

   assert(vec0.size() == 5);
   assert(vec1.size() == 1);

   std::vector<size_t>  vec2{vec0.size()};  // even worse: vectors do not have the same size now

   return 0;
} 

This is especially a problem with 32 bits code where size_t is an int typedef. A solution is that the C++ committee resolves the ambiguity e.g. by introducing a 2 argument overload for vector constructor (with an extra enum). Until then it's watching out 

Reference:

Wednesday, July 6, 2022

Boost include spam

#include

 Boost libraries are a great addition to C++. However anyone working with Boost lirbaries know that they explode your compile times. For example include adjacency_list for Boost.Graph lead to the following spam:


graph\adjacency_list.hpp
 unordered_set.hpp
  unordered/unordered_set.hpp
   core/explicit_operator_bool.hpp
   functional/hash.hpp
    container_hash/hash.hpp
   move/move.hpp
    move/detail/config_begin.hpp
    move/utility.hpp
     move/detail/config_begin.hpp
     move/detail/config_end.hpp
    move/algorithm.hpp
     move/detail/config_begin.hpp
     move/detail/config_end.hpp
    move/detail/config_end.hpp
   unordered/detail/set.hpp
    unordered/detail/implementation.hpp
     assert.hpp
      C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
     core/allocator_traits.hpp
      core/allocator_access.hpp
       core/pointer_traits.hpp
     core/bit.hpp
      cstdint.hpp
     swap.hpp
     type_traits/is_base_of.hpp
     type_traits/is_nothrow_move_assignable.hpp
      type_traits/has_trivial_move_assign.hpp
      type_traits/enable_if.hpp
     type_traits/is_nothrow_move_constructible.hpp
     type_traits/is_nothrow_swappable.hpp
     type_traits/make_void.hpp
     unordered/detail/fwd.hpp
      predef.h
       predef/language.h
        predef/language/stdc.h
         predef/version_number.h
         predef/make.h
          predef/detail/test.h
        predef/language/stdcpp.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/language/objc.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/language/cuda.h
         predef/make.h
       predef/architecture.h
        predef/architecture/alpha.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/arm.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/blackfin.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/convex.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/e2k.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/ia64.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/loongarch.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/m68k.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/mips.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/parisc.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/ppc.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/ptx.h
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        predef/architecture/pyramid.h
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        predef/architecture/superh.h
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        predef/architecture/sys390.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/architecture/x86.h
         predef/architecture/x86/32.h
          predef/make.h
          predef/architecture/x86.h
           predef/architecture/x86/32.h
           predef/architecture/x86/64.h
            predef/make.h
            predef/architecture/x86.h
             predef/architecture/x86/32.h
             predef/architecture/x86/64.h
         predef/architecture/x86/64.h
        predef/architecture/z.h
         predef/make.h
       predef/compiler.h
        predef/compiler/borland.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/clang.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/comeau.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/compaq.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/diab.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/digitalmars.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/dignus.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/edg.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/ekopath.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/gcc_xml.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/gcc.h
         predef/compiler/clang.h
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        predef/compiler/greenhills.h
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        predef/compiler/hp_acc.h
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        predef/compiler/iar.h
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        predef/compiler/intel.h
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        predef/compiler/kai.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/llvm.h
         predef/compiler/clang.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/metaware.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/metrowerks.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/microtec.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/mpw.h
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        predef/compiler/nvcc.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/palm.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/pgi.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/sgi_mipspro.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/sunpro.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/tendra.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/compiler/visualc.h
         predef/compiler/clang.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/detail/comp_detected.h
        predef/compiler/watcom.h
         predef/make.h
       predef/library.h
        predef/library/c.h
         predef/library/c/_prefix.h
          predef/detail/_cassert.h
           C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.29.30133\include\cassert
            C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
         predef/library/c/cloudabi.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/c/gnu.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/c/uc.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/c/vms.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/c/zos.h
          predef/make.h
        predef/library/std.h
         predef/library/std/_prefix.h
          predef/detail/_exception.h
         predef/library/std/cxx.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/std/dinkumware.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/std/libcomo.h
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         predef/library/std/modena.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/std/msl.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/std/roguewave.h
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         predef/library/std/stlport.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/library/std/vacpp.h
          predef/make.h
       predef/os.h
        predef/os/aix.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/amigaos.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/beos.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/bsd.h
         predef/os/macos.h
          predef/os/ios.h
           predef/make.h
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            predef/os/bsd.h
             predef/os/bsd/bsdi.h
             predef/os/bsd/dragonfly.h
             predef/os/bsd/free.h
              predef/os/bsd.h
               predef/os/bsd/bsdi.h
               predef/os/bsd/dragonfly.h
               predef/os/bsd/free.h
               predef/os/bsd/open.h
                predef/os/bsd.h
                 predef/os/bsd/bsdi.h
                 predef/os/bsd/dragonfly.h
                 predef/os/bsd/free.h
                 predef/os/bsd/open.h
                 predef/os/bsd/net.h
                  predef/os/bsd.h
                   predef/os/bsd/bsdi.h
                   predef/os/bsd/dragonfly.h
                   predef/os/bsd/free.h
                   predef/os/bsd/open.h
                   predef/os/bsd/net.h
               predef/os/bsd/net.h
             predef/os/bsd/open.h
             predef/os/bsd/net.h
           predef/os/bsd/free.h
           predef/os/bsd/open.h
           predef/os/bsd/net.h
         predef/os/bsd/dragonfly.h
         predef/os/bsd/free.h
         predef/os/bsd/open.h
         predef/os/bsd/net.h
         predef/os/bsd/bsdi.h
         predef/os/bsd/dragonfly.h
         predef/os/bsd/free.h
         predef/os/bsd/open.h
         predef/os/bsd/net.h
        predef/os/cygwin.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/haiku.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/hpux.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/irix.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/ios.h
        predef/os/linux.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/macos.h
        predef/os/os400.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/qnxnto.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/solaris.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/unix.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/vms.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/os/windows.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/detail/os_detected.h
       predef/other.h
        predef/other/endian.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/library/c/gnu.h
         predef/os/macos.h
         predef/os/bsd.h
          predef/os/bsd/bsdi.h
          predef/os/bsd/dragonfly.h
          predef/os/bsd/free.h
          predef/os/bsd/open.h
          predef/os/bsd/net.h
         predef/platform/android.h
          predef/make.h
         predef/architecture.h
        predef/other/wordsize.h
         predef/architecture.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/other/workaround.h
       predef/platform.h
        predef/platform/android.h
        predef/platform/cloudabi.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/platform/mingw.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/platform/mingw32.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/platform/mingw64.h
         predef/make.h
        predef/platform/windows_uwp.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/os/windows.h
         C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\shared\ntverp.h
          C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\shared\ntverp.ver
         predef/detail/platform_detected.h
        predef/platform/windows_desktop.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/os/windows.h
         predef/platform/windows_uwp.h
        predef/platform/windows_phone.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/os/windows.h
         predef/platform/windows_uwp.h
        predef/platform/windows_server.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/os/windows.h
         predef/platform/windows_uwp.h
        predef/platform/windows_store.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/os/windows.h
         predef/platform/windows_uwp.h
        predef/platform/windows_system.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/os/windows.h
         predef/platform/windows_uwp.h
        predef/platform/windows_runtime.h
         predef/make.h
         predef/os/windows.h
         predef/platform/windows_phone.h
         predef/platform/windows_store.h
        predef/platform/ios.h
         predef/os/ios.h
       predef/hardware.h
        predef/hardware/simd.h
         predef/hardware/simd/x86.h
          predef/hardware/simd/x86/versions.h
         predef/hardware/simd/x86_amd.h
          predef/hardware/simd/x86_amd/versions.h
         predef/hardware/simd/arm.h
          predef/hardware/simd/arm/versions.h
         predef/hardware/simd/ppc.h
          predef/hardware/simd/ppc/versions.h
       predef/version.h
     utility/addressof.hpp
    unordered/unordered_set_fwd.hpp
     functional/hash_fwd.hpp
 scoped_ptr.hpp
  smart_ptr/scoped_ptr.hpp
   assert.hpp
    C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
   checked_delete.hpp
   smart_ptr/detail/sp_disable_deprecated.hpp
   smart_ptr/detail/operator_bool.hpp
 graph/graph_traits.hpp
  pending/property.hpp
   type_traits.hpp
    type_traits/common_type.hpp
     type_traits/decay.hpp
      type_traits/remove_bounds.hpp
       type_traits/remove_extent.hpp
     type_traits/detail/mp_defer.hpp
    type_traits/conjunction.hpp
    type_traits/copy_cv.hpp
    type_traits/copy_cv_ref.hpp
     type_traits/copy_reference.hpp
    type_traits/disjunction.hpp
    type_traits/extent.hpp
    type_traits/floating_point_promotion.hpp
    type_traits/has_bit_and.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_bit_and_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_bit_or.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_bit_or_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_bit_xor.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_bit_xor_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_complement.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_dereference.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_divides.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_divides_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_equal_to.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_greater.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_greater_equal.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_left_shift.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_left_shift_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_less.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_less_equal.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_logical_and.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_logical_not.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_logical_or.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_minus.hpp
    type_traits/has_minus_assign.hpp
    type_traits/has_modulus.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_modulus_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_multiplies.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_multiplies_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_negate.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_new_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_not_equal_to.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_nothrow_destructor.hpp
     type_traits/has_trivial_destructor.hpp
    type_traits/has_plus.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_plus_assign.hpp
    type_traits/has_post_decrement.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_postfix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_post_increment.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_postfix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_pre_decrement.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_pre_increment.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_right_shift.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_right_shift_assign.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_trivial_move_constructor.hpp
    type_traits/has_unary_minus.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_unary_plus.hpp
     type_traits/detail/has_prefix_operator.hpp
    type_traits/has_virtual_destructor.hpp
    type_traits/is_abstract.hpp
    type_traits/is_complex.hpp
     C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.29.30133\include\complex
      C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.29.30133\include\ymath.h
    type_traits/is_compound.hpp
    type_traits/is_copy_assignable.hpp
     type_traits/is_noncopyable.hpp
    type_traits/is_float.hpp
    type_traits/is_list_constructible.hpp
    type_traits/is_member_object_pointer.hpp
    type_traits/is_object.hpp
    type_traits/is_scoped_enum.hpp
     type_traits/negation.hpp
    type_traits/is_signed.hpp
    type_traits/is_stateless.hpp
    type_traits/is_trivially_copyable.hpp
    type_traits/is_union.hpp
    type_traits/is_unscoped_enum.hpp
    type_traits/is_unsigned.hpp
    type_traits/is_virtual_base_of.hpp
    type_traits/make_signed.hpp
    type_traits/make_unsigned.hpp
    type_traits/rank.hpp
    type_traits/remove_all_extents.hpp
    type_traits/remove_cv_ref.hpp
    type_traits/type_identity.hpp
    type_traits/integral_promotion.hpp
    type_traits/promote.hpp
   pending/detail/property.hpp
    type_traits/same_traits.hpp
 graph/graph_mutability_traits.hpp
 graph/graph_selectors.hpp
 property_map/property_map.hpp
  assert.hpp
   C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
  concept_archetype.hpp
  property_map/vector_property_map.hpp
   property_map/property_map.hpp
   smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp
    smart_ptr/detail/shared_count.hpp
     smart_ptr/bad_weak_ptr.hpp
     smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_base.hpp
      smart_ptr/detail/sp_has_gcc_intrinsics.hpp
      smart_ptr/detail/sp_has_sync_intrinsics.hpp
      smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_base_std_atomic.hpp
       smart_ptr/detail/sp_typeinfo_.hpp
     smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_impl.hpp
     cstdint.hpp
    assert.hpp
     C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
    smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_pool.hpp
     smart_ptr/detail/spinlock.hpp
      smart_ptr/detail/spinlock_std_atomic.hpp
       smart_ptr/detail/yield_k.hpp
        smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_pause.hpp
        smart_ptr/detail/sp_thread_sleep.hpp
         smart_ptr/detail/sp_win32_sleep.hpp
    smart_ptr/detail/operator_bool.hpp
    smart_ptr/detail/local_sp_deleter.hpp
     smart_ptr/detail/local_counted_base.hpp
 graph/detail/edge.hpp
  functional/hash.hpp
   container_hash/hash.hpp
 graph/properties.hpp
  assert.hpp
   C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
  graph/property_maps/constant_property_map.hpp
  graph/property_maps/null_property_map.hpp
 graph/named_graph.hpp
  functional/hash.hpp
   container_hash/hash.hpp
  optional.hpp
   optional/optional.hpp
    assert.hpp
     C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
    optional/bad_optional_access.hpp
    none.hpp
     none_t.hpp
    utility/compare_pointees.hpp
    utility/result_of.hpp
     utility/detail/result_of_variadic.hpp
    optional/optional_fwd.hpp
    optional/detail/optional_config.hpp
    optional/detail/optional_factory_support.hpp
    optional/detail/optional_aligned_storage.hpp
    optional/detail/optional_trivially_copyable_base.hpp
    optional/detail/optional_reference_spec.hpp
    optional/detail/optional_relops.hpp
    optional/detail/optional_swap.hpp
  pending/container_traits.hpp
   next_prior.hpp
    iterator/advance.hpp
   unordered_map.hpp
    unordered/unordered_map.hpp
     functional/hash.hpp
      container_hash/hash.hpp
     unordered/detail/map.hpp
      unordered/unordered_map_fwd.hpp
       functional/hash_fwd.hpp
   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.29.30133\include\unordered_set
 graph/detail/adjacency_list.hpp
  range/irange.hpp
   assert.hpp
    C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
   range/iterator_range.hpp
    range/iterator_range_core.hpp
     assert.hpp
      C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
     range/functions.hpp
      range/begin.hpp
       range/config.hpp
       range/iterator.hpp
        range/range_fwd.hpp
        range/mutable_iterator.hpp
         range/detail/extract_optional_type.hpp
         range/detail/msvc_has_iterator_workaround.hpp
        range/const_iterator.hpp
      range/end.hpp
       range/detail/implementation_help.hpp
        range/detail/common.hpp
         range/detail/sfinae.hpp
      range/size.hpp
       range/size_type.hpp
        range/difference_type.hpp
         range/has_range_iterator.hpp
        range/concepts.hpp
         iterator/iterator_concepts.hpp
          concept/detail/concept_def.hpp
          concept/detail/concept_undef.hpp
         range/value_type.hpp
         range/detail/misc_concept.hpp
       range/detail/has_member_size.hpp
        cstdint.hpp
       assert.hpp
        C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\ucrt\assert.h
       cstdint.hpp
      range/distance.hpp
       iterator/distance.hpp
      range/empty.hpp
      range/rbegin.hpp
       range/reverse_iterator.hpp
      range/rend.hpp
     range/algorithm/equal.hpp
     range/detail/safe_bool.hpp
    range/iterator_range_io.hpp
  graph/graph_concepts.hpp
   graph/numeric_values.hpp
   graph/buffer_concepts.hpp
    typeof/typeof.hpp
     typeof/message.hpp
     typeof/decltype.hpp
    concept/detail/concept_def.hpp
    concept/detail/concept_undef.hpp
   concept/detail/concept_def.hpp
   concept/detail/concept_undef.hpp
  graph/detail/adj_list_edge_iterator.hpp
  graph/adjacency_iterator.hpp
  assert.hpp

 ...about 600+ files

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